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Working with neurodivergent children

Resources to help professionals understand neurodivergence and support children more effectively in the youth justice system.

Children with neurodivergence often face unique challenges that are overlooked or misunderstood in many systems, including education, health, and youth justice. Their needs require specialised understanding and support to prevent misdiagnosis, exclusion, or criminalisation.

 

This page gathers key resources to help professionals learn about different neurodivergent conditions, understand the experiences of neurodivergent children in the youth justice system, and develop informed, compassionate, and effective approaches.

Key resources for youth justice workers

Understanding neurodiversity and 

​neurodivergent conditions

Learn about different types of neurodivergence, including autism, ADHD, dyslexia and Tourette Syndrome, to build a stronger foundation for inclusive practice.

Neurodiversity in the youth justice system

Explore how neurodivergent children are affected by the youth justice system – and how services can respond more fairly and supportively.

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Understanding neurodiversity

Understanding Neurodiversity

A clear and accessible introduction to neurodiversity, including how it affects thinking, learning and interacting.

MindMate

What is Autism?

An introduction to understanding autism and it's characteristics.

National Autistic Society

ADHD in children and young people

NHS overview of ADHD in children, covering symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

NHS

Dyslexia

Comprehensive information about dyslexia, including signs, support strategies and lived experiences.

British Dyslexia Association

What is Tourette syndrome?

An independent review examining the quality and suitability of placements and care for girls in secure settings for children and young people.

Tourettes Action

A Guide to Specific Learning Differences

Written for educators, this guide offers a clear and practical overview of SpLDs such as dyslexia, dyspraxia, and dyscalculia, and is equally valuable for youth justice practitioners seeking to better understand how these differences can affect learning, communication and behaviour.

British Dyslexia Association

Neurodiversity and the youth justice system

Neurodiversity – a whole-child approach for youth justice

A policy-focused briefing advocating for a holistic approach to neurodiversity in youth justice.

HMI Probation (2021)

CYCJ webinar: Neurodivergent children’s experiences in the Youth Justice System

A recorded webinar sharing insights into the lived experiences of neurodivergent children in youth justice.

CYCJ (2025)

Justice for children with SEND & neurodivergence

A detailed report exploring the treatment of neurodivergent children with SEND in youth justice processes.

Michael Sieff Foundation (2025)

Working with neurodivergent people in contact with the criminal justice system

Guidance for practitioners on supporting neurodivergent people in contact with the criminal justice system.

Evidence Library / CLINKS (2025)

Representing neurodivergent children in the youth justice system

A collection of presentation slides covering neurodiversity and detailed guidance for professionals representing neurodivergent children in the youth justice system.

Garden Court Chambers

The over-representation of neurodivergent children in Youth Justice Systems and The Youth Court

A research article examining why neurodivergent children are disproportionately involved in the youth justice system.

Day et al. (2024)

Supporting young people with neurodevelopmental impairment

Emphasises early identification and responsive support to prevent criminalisation and improve outcomes for children with neurodevelopmental impairments.

Centre for Crime and Justice Studies (2015)

“My life could be so different” Experiences of autistic young people in the youth justice system

A powerful account sharing autistic children's perspectives and how the system could better meet their needs.

National Autistic Society (2022)

Stop and Search: Guidance for autistic people and police officers

Guidance for police officers on conducting stop and search in ways that are safe and appropriate for autistic individuals.

NPCC (2022)

Autism: a guide for police officers and staff

Practical advice for police on recognising and responding to autism-related needs and behaviours.

National Autistic Society (2020)

Understanding the experiences and challenges facing incarcerated, neurodivergent children in the education and youth justice systems in England

An academic article exploring how systemic failings impact neurodivergent children in both education and justice.

Day (2024)

Working with autism: Best practice guidelines for psychologists

Comprehensive, evidence-based guidance for psychologists when working with autistic individuals across settings, including with children and young people.

British Psychological Society (2021)

Practice advice: speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) in the youth justice system

Joint guidance offering practical advice for practitioners and managers in youth justice teams and secure accommodation to support children with SLCN.

Youth Justice Board / Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists (2015)

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